Keywords
child development
affective symptoms
parent-child relations
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood is a sensitive period to the influence of parents’ variables. The objective was to analyze the association between symptoms, practices, parenting styles and children’s emotional and behavioral symptoms. Method: Participants were 196 parents of children aged between 4 and 12 years who completed the instruments: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Escala de Atitudes Frente à Punição Corporal em Crianças, Escala de Estilos Educativos, Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Result: There was a positive association between parents’ emotional symptoms, punitive practices, permissive style and emotional symptoms and conduct problems in children. The coercive parental practice variable presented greater explanatory power for the children's symptoms. Discussion: It’s important to identify the repercussions of parental variables on children. Conclusion: Intervening directly in these variables can promote healthy family relationships.
References
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. (2018). Critério de Classificação econômica Brasil (CCEB). https://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil
Bauer, A., Fairchild, G., Halligan, S. L., Hammerton, G., Murray, J., Santos, I. S., Munhoz, T. N., Barros, A., & Matijasevich, A. (2021). Harsh parenting and child conduct and emotional problems: Parent- and child-effects in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 31(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01759-w
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907.
Black, M. M., Walker, S. P., Fernald, L. C., Andersen, C. T., DiGirolamo, A. M., Lu, C., McCoy, D. C., Fink, G., Shawar, Y. R., Shiffman, J., Devercelli, A. E., Wodon, Q. T., Vargas-Barón, E., Grantham-McGregor, S., & Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee. (2017). Early childhood development coming of age: Sciencethrough the life course. The Lancet, 389, 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7
Bolsoni-Silva, A. T., & Loureiro, S. R. (2020). Behavioral problems and their relationship to maternal depression, marital relationships, social skills and parenting. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 33(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-020-00160
Bolsoni-Silva, A. T. & Loureiro, S. R. (2011). Práticas educativas parentais e repertório comportamental infantil: Comparando crianças diferenciadas pelo comportamento. Paidéia 21(48), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2011000100008
Cardoso, J., & Veríssimo, M. (2013). Estilos parentais e relações de vinculação. Análise Psicológica, 31(4), 393–406. http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/aps/v31n4/v31n4a06.pdf
Clemens, V., Decker, O., Plener, P. L., Brähler, E., & Fegert, J. M. (2019). Authoritarianism becomes respectable in Germany: A risk factor for condoning physical violence toward children? Zeitschrift für Kinderund Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 47(5), 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000684
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2ª ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
De Souza, J., & Crepaldi, M. A. (2019). Problemas emocionales y comportamentales en los niños : asociación entre el funcionamiento familiar, la coparentalidad y la relación conyugal. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 22(1), 69–106. https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2019.22.1.5
Falcke, D., Rosa, L, W., & Steigleder, V. A. T. (2012). Estilos parentais em famílias com filhos em idade escolar. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia, 5(2), 282–293. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-82202012000200008&lng=pt&tlng=pt
Fleitlich, B., Cortázar, P. G., & Goodman, R. (2000). Questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (SDQ). Infanto-Revista de Neuropsiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência, 8(1), 44–50.
Fraguela, J. A. G., & Torres, P. V. (2005). Los padres y madres ante la prevención de conductas problematicas en la adolescencia: La aplicación del programa Construyendo Salud: Promoción de habilidades parentales. Informes Ceapa. http://hdl.handle.net/10347/16650
Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2016). Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta- analyses. Journal of Family Psychology, 30, 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000191
Gershoff, E. T., Lee, S. J., & Durrant, J. E. (2017). Promising intervention strategies to reduce parents' use of physical punishment. Child abuse & neglect, 71, 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.017
Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children (2018). Global report 2019: Progress towards ending corporal punishment of children. https://endcorporalpunishment.org/resources/global-report-2019/
Gomide, P. I. C. (2006). IEP: Inventário de Estilos Parentais – Modelo teórico: Manual de aplicação, apuração e interpretação. Vozes.
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581–586. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
Gulliford, H., Deans E., J., Frydenberg, E., & Liang R. (2015). Teaching coping skills in the context of positive parenting within a preschool setting. Australian Psychologist, 50(3), 219–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ap.12121
Heinen, M., Sartoretto, C. R., & Oliveira, M. da Silva (2020). Associação de sintomas psicopatológicos entre crianças e responsáveis. Contextos Clínicos, 13(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2020.131.05
Lawrenz, P., Zeni, L. C., Arnoud, T. C. J., Foschiera, L. N., & Habigzang, L. (2020). Estilos, Práticas ou Habilidades Parentais: Como Diferenciá-Los? Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas, 16(1), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.5935/1808-5687.20200002
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behavioral Research Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005- 7967(94)00075-U
Maial, F. A., & Soares, A. B. (2019). Diferenças nas práticas parentais de pais e mães e a percepção dos filhos adolescentes. Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia, 10(1), 59–82. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2236-64072019000100005&lng=pt&tlng=pt.
Middeldorp, C. M., Wesseldijk, L. W., Hudziak, J. J., Verhulst, F. C., Lindauer, R. J. L., & Dieleman, G. C. (2016). Parents of children with psychopathology: Psychiatric problems and the association with their child’s problems. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 919–927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0813-2
Mikolajczak, M., Gross, J. J., & Roskam, I. (2019). Parental burnout: What is it, and why does it matter? Clinical Psychological Science, 7(6), 1319–1329. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2167702619858430
Miragoli, S., Milani, L., Di Blasio, P., & Camisasca, E. (2020). Difficulties in emotion regulation in child abuse potential: Gender differences in parents. Child abuse & neglect, 106, 104529. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104529
Mosmann, C., Costa, C. B., Silva, A. G. M., & Luz, S. K. (2018). Filhos com Sintomas Psicológicos Clínicos: Papel Discriminante da Conjugalidade, Coparentalidade e Parentalidade. Trends in Psychology, 26(1), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2018.1-17Pt
Motta, D. C., Falcone, E. M. O., Clark, C., & Manhães, A. C. (2006). Práticas educativas positivas favorecem o desenvolvimento da empatia em crianças. Psicologia em Estudo, 11, 3, 523–532. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-73722006000300008
Paiva, T., Pimentel, C., Lima, K., & Santos, M. (2017). Construção e validação da escala de atitudes frente à punição corporal em crianças. Revista E-Psi, 7(1), 39–59. https://revistaepsi.com/artigo/2017-ano7-volume1-artigo3/
Patias, N. D., Siqueira, A. C., & Dias, A. C. G. (2013). Práticas educativas e intervenção com pais: A educação como proteção ao desenvolvimento dos filhos. Advances in Health Psychology, 21(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1019/mud.v21n1p29-40
Pietikäinen, J. T., Kiviruusu, O., Kylliäinen, A., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää-Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2020). Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Child Psycology and Psychiatry, 61(2), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13126
Plant, D. T., Pawlby, S., Pariante, C. M., & Jones, F. W. (2018). When one childhood meets another – Maternal childhood trauma and offspring child psychopathology: A systematic review. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23(3) 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104517742186
Prativa, S., & Deeba, F. (2019). Relationship between parenting styles and depression in adolescents. Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 49–59. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330839276_Relationship_between_parenting_styles_and_depression_in_adolescents
Rates, S. M. M., De Melo, E. M., Mascarenhas, M. D. M., & Malta, D. C. (2015). Violência infantil: Uma análise das notificações compulsórias, Brasil 2011. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 20(3), 655–665. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015203.15242014
Reis, M. A., & Landim, I. (2021). Relação entre Ansiedade Social Infantil e o Uso de Controle Coercitivo por Pais e/ou Cuidadores. Contextos Clínicos, 14(1), 73–97. https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2021.141.04
Rezende, F., Calais, S. L., & Cardoso, H. F. (2019). Estresse, parentalidade e suporte familiar no transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade. Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, 21(2), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.5935/1980-6906/psicologia.v21n2p153-171
Rodriguez, C. M., Silvia, P. J., & Pu, D. F. (2018). Predictors of change in mothers' and fathers' parent-child aggression risk. Child abuse & neglect, 86, 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.008
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, C. F., & Lucio, M. P. B. (2013) Metodologia de pesquisa. Penso.
Sanders, M. R., Morawska, A., Haslam, A., Filus, A., Fletcher, R., (2014). Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS): Validation of a Brief Parent-Report Measure for Use in Assessment of Parenting Skills and Family Relationships. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 45, 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0397-3
Santana, L. R. (2018). Adaptação Transcultural e Validação da Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) [Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados]. https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=6319095
Vafaeenejad Z., Elyasi F., Moosazadeh M., & Shahhosseini Z. (2018). Psychological factors contributing to parenting styles: A systematic review [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review] F1000Research, 7, 906. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14978.1
Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) to Brazilian portuguese. Journal of Affect Disorder (155), 104-109. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031
Waller, R., Gardner, F., Dishion, T., Sitnick, S. L., Shaw, D. S., Winter, C. E., & Wilson, M. (2014). Early parental positive behavior support and childhood adjustment: Addressing enduring questions with new methods. Social Development, 24, 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12103
Woerner, W., Fleitlich-Bilyk , B., Martinussen , R., Fletcher, J., Cucchiaro, G., Dalgalarrondo, P., Lui, M., & Tannoc, R. (2004). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire overseas: Evaluations and applications of the SDQ beyond Europe. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-004-2008-0.
Xiao, S. X., Spinrad, T. L., & Carter, D. B. (2018). Parental emotion regulation and preschoolers’ prosocial behavior: The mediating roles of parental warmth and inductive discipline. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179, 246–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00221325.2018.1495611
Zhang, J., Palmer, A., Zhang, N., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2020). Coercive Parenting Mediates the Relationship between Military Fathers' Emotion Regulation and children's Adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(5), 633–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00625-8
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.