Resumen
El consumo nocivo de alcohol es un problema de salud pública a escala mundial, siendo los universitarios considerados la población con el mayor patrón de consumo abusivo de alcohol. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue medir la prevalencia del consumo frecuente e intenso de alcohol y evaluar las posibles consecuencias de este patrón de consumo entre estudiantes universitarios del sur de Brasil. Se trató de un estudio transversal realizado en 2019 con 996 estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad pública en el sur de Brasil. Se evaluó el consumo intenso de alcohol a través de preguntas estructuradas sugeridas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, mientras que el riesgo de suicidio se evaluó mediante la sección de suicidio del instrumento MINI. El consumo frecuente e intenso de alcohol se definió, respectivamente, como el uso de sustancias alcohólicas en 6 a 19 días y en 20 o más días durante los últimos 30 días. Se utilizó regresión de Poisson con ajuste de varianza robusta para identificar factores asociados y posibles consecuencias. La prevalencia del consumo frecuente e intenso de alcohol fue de 26,5% y 3,6%, respectivamente. El consumo de drogas ilícitas y el uso inconsistente de preservativos fueron posibles consecuencias asociadas a ambos patrones de consumo de alcohol, mientras que el riesgo moderado o severo de suicidio se asoció únicamente con el consumo intenso de alcohol. El consumo elevado de alcohol es común en el contexto universitario; sin embargo, puede tener consecuencias negativas para la salud. Intervenciones orientadas al consumo consciente de alcohol pueden impactar el bienestar de toda la comunidad académica.
Citas
Amorim, P. (2000). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): Validação de entrevista breve para diagnóstico de transtornos mentais Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validation of a short structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 22(3), 106–115. www.medical-outcomes.com
Araujo, C. M., Vieira, C. X., & Mascarenhas, C. H. M. (2018). Prevalência do consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por estudantes universitários. SMAD – Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas, 14(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2018.000342
Archie, S., Zangeneh Kazemi, A., & Akhtar-Danesh, N. (2012). Concurrent binge drinking and depression among Canadian youth: Prevalence, patterns, and suicidality. Alcohol, 46(2), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.07.001
Barros, A. J., & Hirakata, V. N. (2003). Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: An empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 3(21). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-3-21
Barros, M. S. M. R., & Costa, L. S. (2019). Perfil do consumo de álcool entre estudantes universitários. SMAD – Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas, 15(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2019.000353
Bastos, F. I. P. M., Vasconcellos, M. T. L., De Boni, R. B., Reis, N. B., & Coutinho, C. F. S. (2019). III Levantamento Nacional sobre o Uso de Drogas pela População Brasileira. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. www.arca.fiocruz.br
Bellos, S., Skapinakis, P., Rai, D., Zitko, P., Araya, R., Lewis, G., Lionis, C., & Mavreas, V. (2013). Cross-cultural patterns of the association between varying levels of alcohol consumption and the common mental disorders of depression and anxiety: Secondary analysis of the WHO Collaborative Study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(3), 825–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.030
Borges, G., Bagge, C. L., Cherpitel, C. J., Conner, K. R., Orozco, R., & Rossow, I. (2017). A meta-analysis of acute use of alcohol and the risk of suicide attempt. Psychological Medicine, 47(5), 949–957. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002841
Chai X, Liu L, Huang G, Tan Y. (2023). Exploring Living Arrangements as a Predictor of Canadians' Illicit Drug Use: Quantitative Findings From the Canadian Community Health Survey. International Journal of Public Health, 10(68), 1605619. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605619
Cochran, S.D, Grella, C.E, & Mays V. M. (2015). Do substance use norms and perceived drug availability mediate sexual orientation differences in patterns of substance use? Results from the California Quality of Life Survey II. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(4), 675–685. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2012.73.675
Collins, S. E. (2016). Associations between socioeconomic factors and alcohol outcomes. Alcohol Research, 38(1), 83–94. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27159815/
Colomer-Pérez, N., Chover-Sierra, E., Navarro-Martínez, R., Andriusevičienė, V., Vlachou, E., & Cauli, O. (2019). Alcohol and drug use in european university health science students: Relationship with self-care ability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245042
Coulter, R. W. S., Kenst, K. S., Bowen, D. J., & Scout. (2014). Research funded by the National Institutes of Health on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e105-e112. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301501
Crawford, L. A., & Novak, K. B. (2006). Alcohol Abuse as a Rite of Passage: The Effect of Beliefs about Alcohol and the College Experience on Undergraduates’ Drinking Behaviors. Journal of Drug Education, 36(3), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.2190/F0X7-H765-6221-G742
Cross, J. E., Zimmerman, D., & O’Grady, M. A. (2009). Residence Hall Room Type and Alcohol Use Among College Students Living on Campus. Environment and Behavior, 41(4), 583–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508328169
De Barros, M. S. M. R., & Costa, L. S. (2019). Alcohol consumption between students. Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas, 15(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2019.000353
Delmondes, D., Araujo, E., Santos, F., Silva, J., Nogueira, L., Santos, R., & Gomes, B. (2022). O abuso de álcool entre estudantes universitários: Uma revisão da literatura. Research, Society and Development, 11(16), e39111637769. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37769
Demenech, L. M., Neiva-Silva, L., Brignol, S. M. S., Marcon, S. R., Lemos, S. M., Tassitano, R. M., & Dumith, S. C. (2021). A Study on the Health and Wellness of Undergraduate Students (SABES-Grad): Methodological aspects of a nationwide multicenter and multilevel study overlapped with the Covid-19 pandemic. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 45, e20210367. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0367
Dorji, T., Srichan, P., Apidechkul, T., Sunsern, R., & Suttana, W. (2020). Factors associated with different forms of alcohol use behaviors among college students in Bhutan: A cross-sectional study. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 15(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00315-0
Drabble, L., Trocki, K. F., Hughes, T. L., Korcha, R. A., & Lown, A. E. (2013). Sexual orientation differences in the relationship between victimization and hazardous drinking among women in the National Alcohol Survey. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031486
Fernandes, T. F., Monteiro, B. M. M., Silva, J. B. M., Oliveira, K. M., Viana, N. A. O., Gama, C. A. P., & Guimarães, D. A. (2017). Uso de substâncias psicoativas entre universitários brasileiros: Perfil epidemiológico, contextos de uso e limitações metodológicas dos estudos. Cadernos Saúde Coletiva, 25(4), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X201700040181
Fish, J. N., & Exten, C. (2020). Sexual orientation differences in alcohol use disorder across the adult life course. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(3), 428–436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.012
Hughes, T. L., Wilsnack, S. C., Kantor, L. W., Tonda, M. A., & Hughes, L. (2016). Alcohol Research: Current Reviews Volume 37 number 2 The Influence of Gender and Sexual Orientation on Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Problems: Toward a Global Perspective. In Influence of Gender and Sexual Orientation on Alcohol Use| (Vol. 121). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27159819/
Hughes, T., McCabe, S. E., Wilsnack, S. C., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2010). Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men. Addiction, 105(12), 2130–2140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03088
Kushnir, V., & Cunningham, J. A. (2014). Event-specific drinking in the general population. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(6), 968–972. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25343654/
Levin, M. E., Lillis, J., Seeley, J., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Biglan, A. (2012). Exploring the relationship between experiential avoidance, alcohol use disorders, and alcohol-related problems among first-year college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(6), 443–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2012.673522
Machado, Í. E., Monteiro, M. G., Malta, D. C., & Lana, F. C. F. (2017). Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013: Relação entre uso de álcool e características sociodemográficas segundo o sexo no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 20(3), 408–422. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700030005
Miramontes, A. B., Moure-Rodríguez, L., Mallah, N., Díaz-Geada, A., Corral, M., Cadaveira, F., & Caamaño-Isorna, F. (2021). Alcohol consumption among freshman college students in Spain: Individual and pooled analyses of three cross-sectional surveys (2005, 2012 and 2016). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052548
Monteiro, M. G. (2016). Políticas públicas para a prevenção dos danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saúde: Revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil, 25(1), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742016000100017
Page, R. M., & O’Hegarty, M. (2006). Type of student residence as a factor in college students’ alcohol consumption and social normative perceptions regarding alcohol use. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 15(3), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1300/J029v15n03_02
Raposo, J. C. D. S., Costa, A. C. Q., Valença, P. A. M., Zarzar, P. M., Diniz, A. S., Colares, V., & Franca, C. (2017). Binge drinking and illicit drug use among adolescent students. Revista de Saúde Pública, 51, 83. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051006863
Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas. (2010). I Levantamento nacional sobre o uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas entre universitários das 27 capitais brasileiras. Senad.
Silva, L. E. S., Helman, B., Luz e Silva, D. C., Aquino, É. C., Freitas, P. C., Santos, R. O., Brito, V. C. A., Garcia, L. P., & Sardinha, L. M. V. (2022). Prevalência de consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas na população adulta brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 31(spe1), e2021379. https://doi.org/10.1590/SS2237-9622202200003.especial
Sousa, K. S. P., Nunes, J. D. C., & Gomes, M. C. (2023). Consumo de álcool em universitário e sua associação com o comportamento sexual de risco: Uma revisão sistemática. Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR, 27(5), 3058–3071. https://doi.org/10.25110/arqsaude.v27i5.2023-059
Terra Júnior, A. T., Santos, J. C., Pontes, L. F., Fernandes, D. R., & Ribeiro, D. M. (2021). Consumo de álcool e outras substâncias psicoativas entre universitários e a prática de binge drinking. South American Sciences, 2(2), e–21105. https://doi.org/10.52755/sas.v2i2.105
Vagenas, P., Lama, J. R., Ludford, K. T., Gonzales, P., Sanchez, J., & Altice, F. L. (2013). A systematic review of alcohol use and sexual risk-taking in Latin America. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 34(4), 267–274. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24301738/
Victora, C. G., Huttly, S. R., Fuchs, S. C., & Olinto, M. T. (1997). The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: A hierarchical approach. International Journal of Epidemiology, 26(1), 224–227. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.1.224
Watts, M. (2008). Understanding the coexistence of alcohol misuse and depression. British Journal of Nursing, 17(11), 696–699. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2008.17.11.29614
World Health Organization. (1980). A methodology for student drug-use surveys.
World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health.
Yeomans-Maldonado, G., & Patrick, M. E. (2015). The effect of perceived risk on the combined used of alcohol and marijuana: Results from daily surveys. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2, 33–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2015.05.004
Zollweg, S. S., Belloir, J. A., Drabble, L. A., Everett, B., Taylor, J. Y., & Hughes, T. L. (2023). Structural stigma and alcohol use among sexual and gender minority adults: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports, 8, 100185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100185
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.